Glomus fasciculatum

(Thaxt.) Gerd. & Trappe emend. C. Walker & Koske

In PVLG

SPORES single in the soil or in aggregates with 2-20 spores lacking a peridium; pale yellow (2A3-3A3); globose to subglobose; (50-)105(-130) µm diam; with one subtending hypha.

 

SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURE OF SPORES composed of one wall with three layers (swl1-3).

In PVLG
In PVLG
In PVLG+Melzer's reagent

Layer 1 permanent, hyaline, (0.5-)1.0(-1.8) µm thick, staining reddish white (9A2) in Melzer’s reagent.

Layer 2 laminate, smooth, pale yellow (2A3-3A3), (2.0-)8.5(-16.0) µm thick, staining garnet red (11E8) in Melzer’s reagent.

Layer 3 flexible, ca. 0.5 µm thick, easily separating from layer 2 in crushed spores.

SUBTENDING HYPHA pale yellow (2A3-3A3); straight or slightly curved; cylindrical; (5.0-)12.5(-16.0) µm wide at the spore base.

In PVLG
In PVLG+Melzer's

Wall of subtending hypha pale yellow (2A3-3A3); composed of two layers (shwl1 and 2) continuous with spore wall layers 1 and 2; (1.2-)1.8(-2.2) µm thick at the spore base.

Pore gradually narrows with age due to thickening of the inner layer of its wall and is closed by a curved septum formed by the flexible innermost layer 3.

 

 

GERMINATION. A germ tube emerges from the lumen of the subtending hypha.

MYCORRHIZAE. Many attempts to establish one-species cultures of Gl. fasciculatum with different plant hosts failed. No literature data exists of the properties of mycorrhizae of this fungus.

DISTRIBUTION. Glomus fasciculatum has been present in dunes of the Baltic Sea coast (Blaszkowski 1993a, 1994, 1995; Blaszkowski et al. 2002a; Tadych and Blaszkowski 2000a), the Bledowska Desert (50o22’N, 19o34’E; Blaszkowski et al. 2002b), and other Polish sites with both cultivated and uncultivated plants (Blaszkowski 1993b; Tadych and Blaszkowski 2000b).

This fungus has a worldwide distribution (Bergen and Koske 1984; Dalpé 1989; Gemma and Koske 1989; Giovannetti and Nicolson 1983; Koske and Halvorson 1981; Nicolson and Johnston 1979; Puppi and Riess 1987; Rose 1988; Talukdar and Germida 1993).

NOTES. The unique property of Gl. fasciculatum is the dextrinoid reaction of the laminate spore wall layer 2. Of other species of the Glomeromycota, this property appears only in members of the genera Gigaspora and Scutellospora.

REFERENCES

Bergen M., Koske R. E. 1984. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from sand dunes of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 83, 157-158.

Blaszkowski J. 1993a. The occurrence of arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae (Glomales) in plant communities of maritime dunes and shores of Poland. Bull. Pol. Ac. Sci. Biol. Sci. 41, 377-392.

Blaszkowski J. 1993b. Comparative studies of the occurrence of arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae (Glomales) in cultivated and uncultivated soils of Poland. Acta Mycol. 28, 93-140.

Blaszkowski J. 1994. Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae (Glomales) of the Hel Peninsula, Poland. Mycorrhiza 5, 71-88.

Blaszkowski J. 1995. Glomus corymbiforme, a new species in Glomales from Poland. Mycologia 87, 732-737.

Blaszkowski J., Adamska I., Czerniawska B. 2002a. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar. Acta Mycol. 37, 39-62.

Blaszkowski J., Tadych M., Madej T. 2002b. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of the Bledowska Desert, Poland. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 71, 71-85.

Dalpé Y. 1989. Inventaire et repartition de la flore endomycorhizienne de dunes et de rivages maritimes du Québec, du Nouveau-Brunswick et de la Nouvelle-Ecosse. Naturaliste Can. (Rev. Ecol. Syst.) 116, 219-236.

Gemma J. N., Koske R. E. 1989. Field inoculation of American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) with V-A mycorrhizal fungi. J. Environm. Manag. 29, 173-182.

Giovannetti M., Nicolson T. H. 1983. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in Italian sand dunes. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80, 552-557.

Koske R. E., Halvorson W. L. 1981. Ecological studies of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in a barrier sand dune. Can. J. Bot. 59, 1413-1422.

Nicolson T. H., Johnston C. 1979. Mycorrhiza in Gramineae. III. Glomus fasciculatum as the endophyte of pioneer grasses in maritime sand dunes. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 72, 261-268.

Puppi G., Riess S. 1987. Role and ecology of VA mycorrhizae in sand dunes. Angew. Botanik 61, 115-126.

Rose S. 1988. Above and belowground community development in a maritime sand dune ecosystem. Plant and Soil 109, 215-226.

Tadych M., Blaszkowski J. 2000a. Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae (Glomales) of the Slowinski National Park, Poland. Mycotaxon 74, 463-483.

Tadych M., Blaszkowski J. 2000b. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Brda river valley in the Tuchola Forests. Acta Mycol. 35, 3-23.

Talukdar N. C., Germida J. J. 1993. Occurrence and isolation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in cropped field soils of Saskatchewan. Can. J. Microbiol. 39, 567-575.