In water
In PVLG
(R.N. Ames & Linderman) J.B. Morton & D. Redecker
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SPORES single in the soil; develop laterally on the neck of a sporiferous saccule; hyaline; globose to subglobose; (37.5-)55.2(-78.0) µm diam.
SUBCELLULAR STRUCTURE OF SPORES consists of three layers (swl1-3).
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Layers 1 and 2 hyaline, (0.5-)0.6(-0.7) µm thick, frequently wrinkling in intact spores mounted in lactic acid-based mountants.
Layer 3 hyaline, (1.2-)2.4(-4.2) µm thick.
None of the three layers stains in Melzer’s reagent.
GERMINATION ORB. Among the spores of Ar. trappei found by the authors of this website, none germinated. According to Spain (2003), Ar. trappei spores germinate by a germ tube developing from an irregular germination orb.
SPORIFEROUS SACCULE hyaline, globose to subglobose; 55-70 µm diam; or ovoid; 50-60 x 70-80 µm; neck 80-120 µm long, 12.5-17.5 µm wide at the saccule, tapering to 5.0-6.5 µm wide at the spore attachment. Saccule usually collapses or falls off in mature spores.
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In PVLG |
In PVLG+Melzer's |
CICATRIX. A scar or sometimes slightly raised collar, when seen in a cross view, circular, 6.0-9.5 µm diam, when observed in a plane view, is formed.
MYCORRHIZAE. In roots of Plantago lanceolata L., mycorrhizae of Ar. trappei consist of arbuscules, as well as intra- and extraradical hyphae staining pale in 0.1% trypan blue.
DISTRIBUTION. In Poland, Ar. trappei has been found in dune soils of the Bledowska Desert (50o22’N, 19o34’E; Blaszkowski et al. 1999; Blaszkowski et al. 2002a), the Slowinski National Park (54o45’N, 17o26’E; Tadych and Blaszkowski 2000a), the Vistula Bar (54o24'N, 19o30'E; Blaszkowski et al. 2002b), and in soils of the Tuchola Forests (53o46’N, 17o42’E-53o40’N, 17o54’E; Tadych and Blaszkowski 2000b).
Archaeospora trappei has originally been known from Lolium longiflorum Thunb. fields located along southern Oregon and northern California coastal areas (Ames and Linderman 1976). This species has also occurred in cultivated (Haas and Menge 1990) and uncultivated (Blaszkowski et al. 2001) soils of Israel, and in the root zone of Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. growing at Pretty Wood, Castle Howard, north Yorkshire, UK (Merryweather and Fitter 1998).
NOTES. Spores of Ar. trappei most resemble those of Entrophospora schenckii Sieverding & Toro. Both species form hyaline spores of an identical subcellular structure. However, spores of Ar. trappei form laterally on the neck of a sporiferous saccule, and those of E. schenckii develop inside the neck (Sieverding and Toro 1987).
REFERENCES
Ames R. N., Linderman R. G. 1976. Acaulospora trappei sp. nov. Mycotaxon 3, 565-569.
Blaszkowski J., Tadych M., Madej T., Adamska I., Czerniawska B., Iwaniuk A. 1999. Acaulospora mellea and A. trappei, fungi new to the Mycota of Poland. Acta Mycol. 34, 41-50.
Blaszkowski J., Tadych M., Madej T. 2002a. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of the Bledowska Desert, Poland. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 71, 71-85.
Blaszkowski J., Adamska I., Czerniawska B. 2002b. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar. Acta Mycol. 37, 39-62.
Blaszkowski J., Tadych M., Madej T., Adamska I., Iwaniuk A. 2001. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales, Zygomycota) of Israeli soils. Mat. II Polsko-Izraelskiej Konf. Nauk. nt. „Gospodarowanie zasobami wodnymi i nawadnianie roslin uprawnych”. Przeglad naukowy Wydz. Inz. Ksztalt. Srod. 22, 8-27.
Haas J. H., Menge J. A. 1990. VA-mycorrhizal fungi and soil characteristics in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) orchard soils. Plant and Soil 127, 207-212.
Merryweather J., Fitter A. 1998. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Hyacinthoides non-scripta. I. Diversity of fungal taxa. New Phytol. 138, 117-129.
Sieverding E., Toro S. T. 19887. Entrophospora schenckii: a new species in the Endogonaceae from Colombia. Mycotaxon 28, 209-214.
Spain J. L. 2003. Emendation of Archeospora and its type species, Archaeospora trappei. Mycotaxon 87, 109-112.
Tadych M., Blaszkowski J. 2000a. Arbuscular fungi and mycorrhizae (Glomales) of the Slowinski National Park, Poland. Mycotaxon 74, 463-483.
Tadych M., Blaszkowski J. 2000b. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the Brda river valley in the Tuchola Forests. Acta Mycol. 35, 3-23.
